ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an ongoing virus disease also recognized as a coronavirus pandemic that propelled the world to rethink organizational strategies during this unprecedented challenge. Although research on CSR has broadly been done over the past decades;nonetheless, how CSR can contribute a leading role in engaging the stakeholders such as customers during this pandemic period and post-pandemic is an important research gap that ought to be uncovered. OBJECTIVES: This study explores the impact of CSR on external stakeholders like customers and how organizations can dramatically sustain the relationships during the COVID-19 period. First, this study investigates the relationships between CSR and customer satisfaction (CS). Second, this study explores the relationships between CSR and customer retention (CR). Finally, the moderating impact of gender and education were examined among the proposed relationships. METHODS: Using the survey of 500 respondents, this study prospected the linkages among CSR, CS, and CR from China using a convenience sampling approach. The questionnaires were disseminated to Chinese online shoppers between Jan 2020 and March 2020 and explored using SEM model. RESULTS: It found that customers are more attached and satisfied with those organizations that are socially responsible and value their stakeholders, especially during uncertain situations like COVID-19 since presently revealed a positive relationship between CSR and CS. Second, it is found that there is a positive influence of CSR on CR as well. Finally, the study affirmed the positive nexus of gender and education as the moderators among CSR, CR, and CS. CONCLUSION: CSR is always on the front line blending social and environmental goals into business operations, especially during uncertain times and challenges. Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a global health emergency but is also leading to a major global challenge that drives organizations to revisit policies to sustain the relationships with their stakeholders. This study concluded the positive nexus of CSR and affirmed the positive role in sustaining relationships with customers during distinct uncertainties like COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Background: Reports revealed rising levels of skin diseases secondary to protective equipment use. Healthcare providers who are working day and night during the pandemic of COVID-19 are more susceptible to the damage of the skin. There is scarce published data about the incidence of skin disorders secondary to protective equipment use during the COVID-19 pandemic and what factors are associated in Saudi Arabia. Aim: Assessing the potential skin damage as a result of personal protection equipment (PPE) and intensive hygiene measures for healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic in Aseer region. Methods: This study a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study done in Aseer region from January to October 2021. Personal data and related to history of skin disease, practices toward personal protective equipment, and new skin damage was collected and analyzed. Independent t-test and chi-square test was used to determine factors associated with the incidence of new skin damage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Total of 214 participants was included in the study. (47.7%) of the participants reported experiencing new skin damage during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 112 (52.3%) of the participants did not. Age, having a history of chronic skin disease, and number of worn gloves layers were all significantly associated with the incidence of skin damage during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The considerable rate of new skin damage during the COVID-19 pandemic makes it essential to take action and start rising awareness toward this topic among health-care workers as well as teaching them how to prevent the incidence of new skin damage.
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The study aimed at the Covid-19 infection causes increase of D- dimer level and decrease the level of the lymphocyte cell count in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. In the present study that was carried out in Amariah city from 1st of July to 1st of October 2020, a total of 100 people (60 infected group with COVID-19 and 40 control group without Covid-19) who were admitted to AL-Amariah Hospital whose ages were between 15-75 years. Patients were investigated for the detection of COVID-19 by using Real-Time PCR. The current study showed that the infection with COVID-19 is affected by the age factor of the patient. The highest rate of a patient with COVID-19 was within the age groups 41- 49 and >50 years with a highly significant relation between COVID-19 and age. The results showed highly significant increase of D dimer level in infected group comparison with control group and significant decrease of lymphocyte count in infected group compression with control group.
ABSTRACT
The study aimed at the Covid-19 infection causes an increase in both the effective protein level C and the level of the ferritin of blood in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. In the present study that was carried out in Amariah city from 15th of July to 15th of October 2020, a total of 100 people (60 infected group with COVID-19 and 40 control group without Covid-19) who were admitted to AL-Amariah Hospital whose ages were between 15-75 years. Patients were investigated for the detection of COVID-19 by using Real-Time PCR. The current study showed that the infection with COVID-19 is affected by the age factor of the patient. The highest rate of a patient with COVID-19 was within the age group >50 years with a highly significant relation between COVID-19 and age. The study showed that the highest rate of CRP in the infected group compared with a control group with a highly significant difference. The highest rate of ferritin in an infected group than the control group.
ABSTRACT
WATERLIT Abstract: The nutrition situation in Sudan is one of the worst in northeast Africa and it is characterized by persistently high levels of acute and chronic malnutrition that have increased over the last two decades. The underlying causes of malnutrition are multi-sectoral and are mainly due to inequalities, inadequate food practices, and limited access to healthcare services. Based on the report The Economic and Social Impacts of Child Undernutrition in Sudan, this study assesses the impact that malnutrition has on health, education, and productivity in Sudan. The country is estimated to have lost an equivalent of about 11.6 billion Sudanese pound (1 United States dollar = 55.3 Sudanese pound) in 2014, which represented 2.6% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Productivity-related losses contributed the largest costs at 1.5% of GDP followed by health and education sectors at 1.1% and 0.1%, respectively. In 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic further exposed the fragility of Sudan's health, social, and economic system. It is mandatory that all stakeholders address child nutrition as a main concern and stunting is incorporated in the center of the development agenda. In particular, the national development frameworks should be updated to ensure the reduction of the stunting prevalence and to put in place a comprehensive multi-sectoral nutrition policy, strategy, and plan of action
ABSTRACT
In accordance with the rules of international law, countries that preceded others in exposure to the (COVID-19) have an obligation to inform other countries and the World Health Organization of the outbreak of the said virus as well as to exchange information on laboratory results, source and type of potential risk, number of cases and deaths, the rapid spread of the virus and its medium of spreading between people or through means of transportation such as airplanes, ships, etc., or through goods shipped from them and ways to limit its spread. Then, countries that have suffered damage as a result of infection with the aforementioned virus can claim the necessary compensation towards other countries that have breached their obligations to exchange information on the spread of the virus on their territories in accordance with the principle of international responsibility. Such compensations are to be determined through international arbitration or justice or through consulting international and regional organizations or through referring to other peaceful means that are agreed upon in accordance with Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations.